影響長毛兔產(chǎn)毛性能的因素與對策

　　Factors and Countermeasures Affecting the Hair Production Performance of Long haired Rabbits

　　1品種

　　1 variety

　　長毛兔品種與產(chǎn)毛性能有著密切關(guān)系。據(jù)測定,產(chǎn)毛量的遺傳力很高,即越是優(yōu)良的高產(chǎn)長毛兔品種,其后代的產(chǎn)毛量就越高。因此,選養(yǎng)長毛兔種時一定要選優(yōu)良的巨型高產(chǎn)長毛兔，體重在4千克以上，年產(chǎn)毛量在1500克以上

　　The breed of long haired rabbits is closely related to their wool production performance. According to measurements, the heritability of hair production is high, meaning that the higher the quality of high-yield long haired rabbit breeds, the higher the hair production of their offspring. Therefore, when choosing a breed of long haired rabbit, it is necessary to choose excellent giant high-yielding long haired rabbits with a weight of over 4 kilograms and an annual hair production of over 1500 grams

　　2年齡

　　2 years old

　　長毛兔從3月齡開始，產(chǎn)毛量隨年齡的增長而增加，到16月齡之后則隨年齡增長而呈下降趨勢，年下降幅度為10%~15%,公兔比母兔更明顯。因此,兔群結(jié)構(gòu)中要多留青、壯年兔,及時淘汰老齡兔,其利用年限為3年左右。

　　Starting from 3 months of age, the hair production of long haired rabbits increases with age, and after 16 months of age, it shows a decreasing trend with age, with an annual decrease of 10% to 15%. Male rabbits are more pronounced than female rabbits. Therefore, in the rabbit population structure, more young and middle-aged rabbits should be retained, and elderly rabbits should be eliminated in a timely manner, with a utilization period of about 3 years.

　　3性別

　　3 Gender

　　據(jù)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐,公母兔的產(chǎn)毛量有很大差別。一般母兔產(chǎn)毛量比公兔高25%~30%,去勢公兔比不去勢公兔高7%~10%。因此,長毛兔生產(chǎn)場(戶)要多養(yǎng)母兔,少養(yǎng)公兔。

　　According to production practice, there is a significant difference in hair production between male and female rabbits. Generally, female rabbits produce 25% to 30% more hair than male rabbits, and castrated male rabbits produce 7% to 10% more hair than non castrated male rabbits. Therefore, long haired rabbit production farms (households) should raise more female rabbits and fewer male rabbits.

　　4 兔毛密度

　　4 rabbit hair density

　　兔毛密度與產(chǎn)毛量呈正相關(guān),兔毛密度以肩胛部和臀部。這兩個部位的產(chǎn)毛量與兔體產(chǎn)毛量呈極顯著正相關(guān)。所以,選擇良種長毛免時要注意對這些部位的觀察。

　　The density of rabbit hair is positively correlated with hair production, with the highest density in the scapula and buttocks. The hair production of these two parts is significantly positively correlated with the hair production of the rabbit body. So, when choosing high-quality long haired haircuts, attention should be paid to observing these parts.

　　5 季節(jié)和溫度

　　5 seasons and temperature

　　夏季(6-9月),由于外界氣溫高,長毛兔采食量下降.會明顯影響兔毛生長;12月翌年4月，因外界氣溫低，免毛生長速度加快,產(chǎn)毛量增加。一般冬季產(chǎn)毛量比夏季高5%左右。因此,有條件進(jìn)行環(huán)境控制的免舍,應(yīng)適當(dāng)控制溫度,以促進(jìn)免毛生長。

　　In summer (June September), due to high external temperatures, the feed intake of long haired rabbits decreases It will significantly affect the growth of rabbit hair; From December to April of the following year, due to low external temperatures, the growth rate of hairless plants accelerates and the yield of hairless plants increases. Generally, the hair production in winter is about 5% higher than that in summer. Therefore, for those who have the conditions for environmental control, the temperature should be appropriately controlled to promote hair growth.

　　6兔毛長度與剪毛間隔

　　6. Rabbit hair length and shearing interval

　　長毛兔的被毛生長到一定程度如不及時剪毛,兔毛生長速度就會變慢,所以適當(dāng)縮短剪毛時間,有助于提高產(chǎn)毛量。一般夏季可60~70天剪毛1次,冬季80-90天剪毛1次。

　　If the fur of long haired rabbits is not trimmed in time, the growth rate of rabbit fur will slow down. Therefore, shortening the trimming time appropriately can help improve hair production. Generally, shearing can be done once every 60-70 days in summer and once every 80-90 days in winter.

　　7采毛方法

　　7 methods of hair harvesting

　　常用的采毛方法有兩種，一種是剪毛，一種是拔毛。試驗(yàn)證明,采用拔毛技術(shù),可促進(jìn)毛兔的血液循環(huán),刺激兔毛快速生長,粗毛含量比剪毛法提高6%~10%。拔毛在春秋冬季進(jìn)行,每2個月拔毛1次。8 88繁殖

　　There are two commonly used methods for picking hair, one is shearing and the other is plucking. Experimental results have shown that the use of plucking technique can promote blood circulation in rabbits, stimulate rapid hair growth, and increase the coarse hair content by 6% to 10% compared to the shearing method. It is best to pluck hair in spring, autumn, and winter, once every two months. 88 Reproduction

　　母免的繁殖率與產(chǎn)毛量呈負(fù)相關(guān)，即繁殖率越高,產(chǎn)毛量越低。要解決這一矛盾，可在母兔交配當(dāng)天進(jìn)行剪毛，公兔要相隔8-9周后剪毛。常用配種的公兔在兔毛長度達(dá)到3厘米時就要進(jìn)行剪毛。

　　The reproductive rate of maternal immunity is negatively correlated with hair production, meaning that the higher the reproductive rate, the lower the hair production. To resolve this contradiction, haircuts can be performed on the day of mating for female rabbits, while for male rabbits, haircuts should be done 8-9 weeks apart. Male rabbits commonly used for breeding need to undergo shearing when their fur reaches a length of 3 centimeters.

　　9營養(yǎng)

　　9 Nutrients

　　9.1蛋白質(zhì) 日糧中供給充足的蛋白質(zhì)和氨基酸有利于提高其產(chǎn)毛量。氨基酸中,谷氨酸對促進(jìn)兔毛生長的作用,其次是胱氨酸,對兔毛生長起重要作用的還有蛋氨酸和精氨酸。因此,蛋白質(zhì)和氨基酸是保證長毛兔生長和免毛產(chǎn)量的重要條件。9.2脂肪 脂肪是兔體的重要組成成分,亞麻油二烯酸、亞麻酸、二十四碳烯酸都是長毛兔的必需脂肪酸,對兔毛質(zhì)量和光澤有明顯影響，脂肪充足的飼料，適口性也增加，并促進(jìn)脂溶性維生素的吸收,有利于長毛兔的正常生長發(fā)育。9.3日糧采毛后第1個月,每只兔應(yīng)供料190~210克，第2個月供料170~180克，第3個月供料140~150克,以促進(jìn)兔毛正常生長。

　　Adequate supply of protein and amino acids in a protein diet is beneficial for increasing hair production. Among amino acids, glutamic acid has the greatest effect on promoting rabbit hair growth, followed by cysteine. Methionine and arginine also play important roles in rabbit hair growth. Therefore, protein and amino acids are important conditions for ensuring the growth and wool free yield of long haired rabbits. 9.2 Fatty acids are important components of the rabbit body, including alpha linolenic acid, alpha linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, which are essential fatty acids for long haired rabbits. They have a significant impact on the quality and luster of rabbit hair. A diet with sufficient fat also increases palatability and promotes the absorption of fat soluble vitamins, which is beneficial for the normal growth and development of long haired rabbits. 9.3 After the first month of wool harvesting, each rabbit should be fed 190-210 grams, 170-180 grams in the second month, and 140-150 grams in the third month to promote normal hair growth.

　　10管理

　　10 Management

　　飼喂長毛兔的飼料、飲水、槽具要衛(wèi)生清潔,要規(guī)范飼養(yǎng)管理程序,創(chuàng)造良好飼養(yǎng)環(huán)境。長毛兔有夜間采食的習(xí)慣,應(yīng)抓好夜間飼喂,滿足營養(yǎng)需要。

　　The feed, drinking water, and troughs for feeding long haired rabbits should be hygienic and clean, and the feeding management procedures should be standardized to create a good feeding environment. Long haired rabbits have a habit of feeding at night and should pay attention to feeding at night to meet their nutritional needs.

　　11提高產(chǎn)毛量的方法11.1補(bǔ)充蛋氨酸 日糧中添加0.2%~0.3%蛋氨酸，可提高產(chǎn)毛量6%~27%。11.2添加微量元素每100克日糧中添加1%兔毛生長添加劑(硫酸鋅0.3克、硫酸鋼0.3克、硫酸亞鐵0.33克、氯化鈉0.07克)可提高產(chǎn)毛量20%左右。11.3添加維生素 長毛兔剪毛后12天，每天每只肌注VBa250毫克,連用2-~3天,或內(nèi)服VB:1/4片,或喂服魚肝油3~5天,可提高產(chǎn)毛量15%。

　　11 Methods to increase wool yield 11.1 Adding 0.2% to 0.3% methionine to a supplemented methionine diet can increase wool yield by 6% to 27%. Adding 1% rabbit hair growth additive (0.3 grams of zinc sulfate, 0.3 grams of steel sulfate, 0.33 grams of ferrous sulfate, 0.07 grams of sodium chloride) to every 100 grams of diet can increase hair production by about 20%. 11.3 Adding vitamins: After shearing the fur of long haired rabbits for 12 days, intramuscular injection of VBa250 milligrams per day for 2-3 days, or oral administration of VB:1/4 tablets, or feeding of cod liver oil for 3-5 days, can increase hair production by 15%.

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